Motif Tenun Adat dan Stratifikasi Sosial Pada Masyarakat Buton di Keluraahan Melai Kecamatan Murhum Kota Baubau

Abstrak

This study aims to describe the types of Buton woven textile motifs and their use based on the social stratification of the community. The research addresses the declining public knowledge of the diverse motifs of Buton woven textiles, despite their continued use in traditional ceremonies, life-cycle rituals, funerary practices, and everyday activities. This study employed a qualitative approach guided by Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of social practice. Data were collected through observations and interviews with weavers, traditional leaders, and community members who possessed knowledge of the Buton weaving tradition. The findings indicate that the Buton community has approximately 120 woven textile motifs inspired by nature and everyday activities. At present, only some of these motifs remain widely recognized and used. Based on the wearer, Buton woven textiles are classified into men’s textiles, known as kolau, and women’s textiles, known as yitanu. The distinction is reflected in striped patterns and intersecting lines forming rectangular designs. Each motif carries symbolic meanings that represent the wearer’s cultural identity, character, social role, position, and status. During the Buton Sultanate period, the use of woven textile motifs was associated with the social classification of the community into the kaomu, walaka, and papara groups. This study concludes that Buton woven textiles constitute a cultural medium that represents the identity, social structure, and values of the community. Their use in various traditional ceremonies contributes to the continuity of cultural traditions and strengthens social relations within the Buton community.

Kata kunci

• Buton woven textiles
• Cultural
• Cultural Identity
• social stratification
• woven textile motifs