Beyond Western Models: A Cultural Validation of Reading Motivation Dimensions and Their Predictive Power in Indonesian Higher Education.

Abstrak

Reading motivation models are largely developed in Western contexts, leaving their cross-cultural validity in collectivistic educational settings underexplored. Indonesia, with strong collectivistic values, provides a critical context for testing cultural adaptations of established frameworks. This mixed-methods sequential study involved 514 Indonesian university students and employed confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance testing with a Western benchmark sample, hierarchical regression and mediation analyses, prediction of academic achievement, cluster analysis of motivational profiles, and network analysis of dimensional interconnectedness. The five-factor model showed excellent fit (CFI = .934, RMSEA = .056) and partial measurement invariance. Social motivation showed stronger loadings, particularly for items related to family honor and expectations (Δλ = +.12 to +.19, p < .01). Emotional regulation and achievement motivation were the most central dimensions. Intrinsic motivation fully mediated the social–achievement relationship, explaining 53% of the total effect. Three motivational profiles emerged with significant achievement differences. Findings support culturally responsive motivation theory and instructional practice.

Kata kunci

• Reading Motivation
• Self-Determination Theory
• academic achievement
• cross-cultural validation
• cultural adaptation
• indonesian higher education
• motivational typologies