Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Paving Blocks Incorporating Waste Glass Powder and Oil Palm Shell

Abstrak

This study examined paving blocks produced using waste glass powder and oil palm shell (locally known as Oil Palm Shell (OPS)) as aggregate constituents. Four volumetric cement:sand:glass powder:OPS mixtures (1:1:3:0, 1:1:2:1, 1:1:1.5:1.5, and 1:0:2:2) were prepared in 10 × 10 × 10 cm molds and cured by solar drying for 28 days. Density, water absorption, compressive strength, and flexural strength were measured and assessed against SNI 03-0691-1996. Of the formulations tested, PB I (1:1:3:0) recorded a density of 1.07 g/cm³, water absorption of 10.19%, compressive strength of 8.98 MPa, and flexural strength of 0.110 MPa. It met the Class D strength thresholds, although its water absorption was slightly above the specified limit. As OPS content increased, density and strength decreased, whereas water absorption increased. These changes may be associated with the hydrophilic nature of OPS and the formation of pores during curing. The results suggest that glass powder can be used in waste-based paving-block formulations, while the use of OPS requires further optimization and evaluation.