Risk Factor Analysis of Workplace Accidents and the Effectiveness of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Implementation in Bridge Construction Projects in Kendari

Abstrak

Construction projects are a high-risk sector for occupational accidents due to the complexity of the work, the use of heavy equipment, and activities performed at heights. This study aims to analyze the factors causing workplace accidents and evaluate the effectiveness of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) implementation in a bridge construction project in Kendari. The research employed a descriptive-analytical method and a literature review approach, using the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) methods. Data were obtained from scientific journals, occupational health and safety (OHS) regulations, and relevant construction project documents. The results showed that the main factors causing workplace accidents were worker negligence (45%), lack of supervision (25%), improper equipment conditions (15%), unsafe working environments (10%), and other factors (5%). The level of PPE compliance indicated that helmet usage reached 95%, safety vest usage 90%, safety shoes usage 85%, glove usage 70%, and mask usage 60%. The highest risks were identified in working at heights, lifting girders with cranes, and bridge superstructure work. The implementation of PPE proved effective in reducing injury severity; however, its impact was still influenced by worker behavior, PPE comfort, and weak field supervision. Therefore, improvements in OHS training, routine supervision, strengthening of the safety culture, and the provision of ergonomic, standard-compliant PPE are necessary to reduce workplace accidents in construction projects.

Kata kunci

• Construction OHS
• HIRARC
• Occupational safety
• PPE
• bridge projects
• workplace accidents