Development of DLPS-Based Chemistry Pedagogy for Learning Independence and Problem-Solving

Abstrak

The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum requires instructional resources to support student-centered learning; however, validated chemistry Subject-Specific Pedagogy (SSP) remains limited, particularly in Indonesian Schools Abroad (SILN). This study aimed to develop a Double Loop Problem Solving (DLPS)-based chemistry SSP for stoichiometry and evaluate its effectiveness in improving students' learning independence and chemistry problem-solving skills. A Research and Development approach using the Four-D model was employed. The SSP included the Flow of Learning Objectives, teaching modules, student worksheets, handouts, and assessment instruments. Product validation involved two experts and four practitioners. The readability test involved 50 students, the limited field trial involved 25 students, and the main field trial involved 52 students using a pretest-posttest control group design. Data were analyzed using mean score conversion, Aiken's V, the Partial Credit Model, and MANCOVA. All SSP components were rated as very feasible, while the instruments demonstrated acceptable content validity (Aiken's V = 0.75–0.86) and satisfactory empirical quality. After controlling for pretest scores, significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups in learning independence and chemistry problem-solving skills. The developed DLPS-based chemistry SSP provides a practical instructional resource for chemistry teachers to support student-centered and competency-based chemistry instruction.

Kata kunci

• Chemistry Education
• Problem Solving Skills
• Problem solving
• Stoichiometry
• Subject Specific Pedagogy
• double loop problem solving
• learning independence